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package local::lib;
use 5.006;
BEGIN {
if ($ENV{RELEASE_TESTING}) {
require strict;
strict->import;
require warnings;
warnings->import;
}
}
use Config ();
our $VERSION = '2.000024';
$VERSION = eval $VERSION;
BEGIN {
*_WIN32 = ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'NetWare' || $^O eq 'symbian')
? sub(){1} : sub(){0};
# punt on these systems
*_USE_FSPEC = ($^O eq 'MacOS' || $^O eq 'VMS' || $INC{'File/Spec.pm'})
? sub(){1} : sub(){0};
}
my $_archname = $Config::Config{archname};
my $_version = $Config::Config{version};
my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config::Config{inc_version_list};
my $_path_sep = $Config::Config{path_sep};
our $_DIR_JOIN = _WIN32 ? '\\' : '/';
our $_DIR_SPLIT = (_WIN32 || $^O eq 'cygwin') ? qr{[\\/]}
: qr{/};
our $_ROOT = _WIN32 ? do {
my $UNC = qr{[\\/]{2}[^\\/]+[\\/][^\\/]+};
qr{^(?:$UNC|[A-Za-z]:|)$_DIR_SPLIT};
} : qr{^/};
our $_PERL;
sub _perl {
if (!$_PERL) {
# untaint and validate
($_PERL, my $exe) = $^X =~ /((?:.*$_DIR_SPLIT)?(.+))/;
$_PERL = 'perl'
if $exe !~ /perl/;
if (_is_abs($_PERL)) {
}
elsif (-x $Config::Config{perlpath}) {
$_PERL = $Config::Config{perlpath};
}
elsif ($_PERL =~ $_DIR_SPLIT && -x $_PERL) {
$_PERL = _rel2abs($_PERL);
}
else {
($_PERL) =
map { /(.*)/ }
grep { -x $_ }
map { ($_, _WIN32 ? ("$_.exe") : ()) }
map { join($_DIR_JOIN, $_, $_PERL) }
split /\Q$_path_sep\E/, $ENV{PATH};
}
}
$_PERL;
}
sub _cwd {
if (my $cwd
= defined &Cwd::sys_cwd ? \&Cwd::sys_cwd
: defined &Cwd::cwd ? \&Cwd::cwd
: undef
) {
no warnings 'redefine';
*_cwd = $cwd;
goto &$cwd;
}
my $drive = shift;
return Win32::Cwd()
if _WIN32 && defined &Win32::Cwd && !$drive;
local @ENV{qw(PATH IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV)};
my $cmd = $drive ? "eval { Cwd::getdcwd(q($drive)) }"
: 'getcwd';
my $perl = _perl;
my $cwd = `"$perl" -MCwd -le "print $cmd"`;
chomp $cwd;
if (!length $cwd && $drive) {
$cwd = $drive;
}
$cwd =~ s/$_DIR_SPLIT?$/$_DIR_JOIN/;
$cwd;
}
sub _catdir {
if (_USE_FSPEC) {
require File::Spec;
File::Spec->catdir(@_);
}
else {
my $dir = join($_DIR_JOIN, @_);
$dir =~ s{($_DIR_SPLIT)(?:\.?$_DIR_SPLIT)+}{$1}g;
$dir;
}
}
sub _is_abs {
if (_USE_FSPEC) {
require File::Spec;
File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($_[0]);
}
else {
$_[0] =~ $_ROOT;
}
}
sub _rel2abs {
my ($dir, $base) = @_;
return $dir
if _is_abs($dir);
$base = _WIN32 && $dir =~ s/^([A-Za-z]:)// ? _cwd("$1")
: $base ? _rel2abs($base)
: _cwd;
return _catdir($base, $dir);
}
our $_DEVNULL;
sub _devnull {
return $_DEVNULL ||=
_USE_FSPEC ? (require File::Spec, File::Spec->devnull)
: _WIN32 ? 'nul'
: $^O eq 'os2' ? '/dev/nul'
: '/dev/null';
}
sub import {
my ($class, @args) = @_;
if ($0 eq '-') {
push @args, @ARGV;
require Cwd;
}
my @steps;
my %opts;
my %attr;
my $shelltype;
while (@args) {
my $arg = shift @args;
# check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
# the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/) {
die <<'DEATH';
WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
dashes with normal minus signs.
DEATH
}
elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
die <<'DEATH';
FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the
original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As
such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to
prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors
recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this
distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to
what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally
thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we
apologise).
DEATH
}
elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
}
elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
}
elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
$shelltype = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
}
elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
$opts{no_create} = 1;
}
elsif ( $arg eq '--quiet' ) {
$attr{quiet} = 1;
}
elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
}
else {
push @steps, ['activate', $arg, \%opts];
}
}
if (!@steps) {
push @steps, ['activate', undef, \%opts];
}
my $self = $class->new(%attr);
for (@steps) {
my ($method, @args) = @$_;
$self = $self->$method(@args);
}
if ($0 eq '-') {
print $self->environment_vars_string($shelltype);
exit 0;
}
else {
$self->setup_local_lib;
}
}
sub new {
my $class = shift;
bless {@_}, $class;
}
sub clone {
my $self = shift;
bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
}
sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
sub quiet { $_[0]->{quiet} }
sub _as_list {
my $list = shift;
grep length, map {
!(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
: ()
)
} ref $list ? @$list : $list;
}
sub _remove_from {
my ($list, @remove) = @_;
return @$list
if !@remove;
my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
}
my @_lib_subdirs = (
[$_version, $_archname],
[$_version],
[$_archname],
(map [$_], @_inc_version_list),
[],
);
sub install_base_bin_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
return _catdir($path, 'bin');
}
sub install_base_perl_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
return _catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
}
sub install_base_arch_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
_catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
}
sub lib_paths_for {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
return map { _catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
}
sub _mm_escape_path {
my $path = shift;
$path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
$path = qq{"$path"};
}
return $path;
}
sub _mb_escape_path {
my $path = shift;
$path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
return qq{"$path"};
}
sub installer_options_for {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
return (
PERL_MM_OPT =>
defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
PERL_MB_OPT =>
defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
);
}
sub active_paths {
my ($self) = @_;
$self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
return grep {
# screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
} _as_list($self->roots);
}
sub deactivate {
my ($self, $path) = @_;
$self = $self->new unless ref $self;
$path = $self->resolve_path($path);
$path = $self->normalize_path($path);
my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
return $self;
}
my %args = (
bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
$self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
$self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
$self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
);
$args{extra} = { $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]) };
$self->clone(%args);
}
sub deactivate_all {
my ($self) = @_;
$self = $self->new unless ref $self;
my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
my %args;
if (@active_lls) {
%args = (
bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
);
}
$args{extra} = { $self->installer_options_for(undef) };
$self->clone(%args);
}
sub activate {
my ($self, $path, $opts) = @_;
$opts ||= {};
$self = $self->new unless ref $self;
$path = $self->resolve_path($path);
$self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path, { quiet => $self->quiet })
unless $opts->{no_create};
$path = $self->normalize_path($path);
my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls[1 .. $#active_lls]) {
$self = $self->deactivate($path);
}
my %args;
if ($opts->{always} || !@active_lls || $active_lls[0] ne $path) {
%args = (
bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
);
}
$args{extra} = { $self->installer_options_for($path) };
$self->clone(%args);
}
sub normalize_path {
my ($self, $path) = @_;
$path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
return $path;
}
sub build_environment_vars_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1], { always => 1 });
$self->build_environment_vars;
}
sub build_activate_environment_vars_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1], { always => 1 });
$self->build_environment_vars;
}
sub build_deactivate_environment_vars_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->deactivate($_[1]);
$self->build_environment_vars;
}
sub build_deact_all_environment_vars_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->deactivate_all;
$self->build_environment_vars;
}
sub build_environment_vars {
my $self = shift;
(
PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
%{$self->extra},
);
}
sub setup_local_lib_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
$self->setup_local_lib;
}
sub setup_local_lib {
my $self = shift;
# if Carp is already loaded, ensure Carp::Heavy is also loaded, to avoid
# $VERSION mismatch errors (Carp::Heavy loads Carp, so we do not need to
# check in the other direction)
require Carp::Heavy if $INC{'Carp.pm'};
$self->setup_env_hash;
@INC = @{$self->inc};
}
sub setup_env_hash_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
$self->setup_env_hash;
}
sub setup_env_hash {
my $self = shift;
my %env = $self->build_environment_vars;
for my $key (keys %env) {
if (defined $env{$key}) {
$ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
}
else {
delete $ENV{$key};
}
}
}
sub print_environment_vars_for {
print $_[0]->environment_vars_string_for(@_[1..$#_]);
}
sub environment_vars_string_for {
my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1], { always => 1});
$self->environment_vars_string;
}
sub environment_vars_string {
my ($self, $shelltype) = @_;
$shelltype ||= $self->guess_shelltype;
my $extra = $self->extra;
my @envs = (
PATH => $self->bins,
PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
map { $_ => $extra->{$_} } sort keys %$extra,
);
$self->_build_env_string($shelltype, \@envs);
}
sub _build_env_string {
my ($self, $shelltype, $envs) = @_;
my @envs = @$envs;
my $build_method = "build_${shelltype}_env_declaration";
my $out = '';
while (@envs) {
my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
if (
ref $value
&& @$value == 1
&& ref $value->[0]
&& ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
&& ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
next;
}
$out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
}
my $wrap_method = "wrap_${shelltype}_output";
if ($self->can($wrap_method)) {
return $self->$wrap_method($out);
}
return $out;
}
sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '${%s:-}', qr/["\\\$!`]/, '\\%s');
if (!defined $value) {
return qq{unset $name;\n};
}
$value =~ s/(^|\G|$_path_sep)\$\{$name:-\}$_path_sep/$1\${$name}\${$name:+$_path_sep}/g;
$value =~ s/$_path_sep\$\{$name:-\}$/\${$name:+$_path_sep\${$name}}/;
qq{${name}="$value"; export ${name};\n}
}
sub build_csh_env_declaration {
my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args, '${%s}', qr/["\$]/, '"\\%s"');
if (!defined $value) {
return qq{unsetenv $name;\n};
}
my $out = '';
for my $var (@vars) {
$out .= qq{if ! \$?$name setenv $name '';\n};
}
my $value_without = $value;
if ($value_without =~ s/(?:^|$_path_sep)\$\{$name\}(?:$_path_sep|$)//g) {
$out .= qq{if "\${$name}" != '' setenv $name "$value";\n};
$out .= qq{if "\${$name}" == '' };
}
$out .= qq{setenv $name "$value_without";\n};
return $out;
}
sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%%%s%%', qr(%), '%s');
if (!$value) {
return qq{\@set $name=\n};
}
my $out = '';
my $value_without = $value;
if ($value_without =~ s/(?:^|$_path_sep)%$name%(?:$_path_sep|$)//g) {
$out .= qq{\@if not "%$name%"=="" set "$name=$value"\n};
$out .= qq{\@if "%$name%"=="" };
}
$out .= qq{\@set "$name=$value_without"\n};
return $out;
}
sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:%s', qr/["\$]/, '`%s');
if (!$value) {
return qq{Remove-Item -ErrorAction 0 Env:\\$name;\n};
}
my $maybe_path_sep = qq{\$(if("\$env:$name"-eq""){""}else{"$_path_sep"})};
$value =~ s/(^|\G|$_path_sep)\$env:$name$_path_sep/$1\$env:$name"+$maybe_path_sep+"/g;
$value =~ s/$_path_sep\$env:$name$/"+$maybe_path_sep+\$env:$name+"/;
qq{\$env:$name = \$("$value");\n};
}
sub wrap_powershell_output {
my ($class, $out) = @_;
return $out || " \n";
}
sub build_fish_env_declaration {
my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$%s', qr/[\\"'$ ]/, '\\%s');
if (!defined $value) {
return qq{set -e $name;\n};
}
# fish has special handling for PATH, CDPATH, and MANPATH. They are always
# treated as arrays, and joined with ; when storing the environment. Other
# env vars can be arrays, but will be joined without a separator. We only
# really care about PATH, but might as well make this routine more general.
if ($name =~ /^(?:CD|MAN)?PATH$/) {
$value =~ s/$_path_sep/ /g;
my $silent = $name =~ /^(?:CD)?PATH$/ ? " ^"._devnull : '';
return qq{set -x $name $value$silent;\n};
}
my $out = '';
my $value_without = $value;
if ($value_without =~ s/(?:^|$_path_sep)\$$name(?:$_path_sep|$)//g) {
$out .= qq{set -q $name; and set -x $name $value;\n};
$out .= qq{set -q $name; or };
}
$out .= qq{set -x $name $value_without;\n};
$out;
}
sub _interpolate {
my ($class, $args, $var_pat, $escape, $escape_pat) = @_;
return
unless defined $args;
my @args = ref $args ? @$args : $args;
return
unless @args;
my @vars = map { $$_ } grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } @args;
my $string = join $_path_sep, map {
ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? sprintf($var_pat, $$_) : do {
s/($escape)/sprintf($escape_pat, $1)/ge; $_;
};
} @args;
return wantarray ? ($string, \@vars) : $string;
}
sub pipeline;
sub pipeline {
my @methods = @_;
my $last = pop(@methods);
if (@methods) {
\sub {
my ($obj, @args) = @_;
$obj->${pipeline @methods}(
$obj->$last(@args)
);
};
} else {
\sub {
shift->$last(@_);
};
}
}
sub resolve_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
$path = $class->${pipeline qw(
resolve_relative_path
resolve_home_path
resolve_empty_path
)}($path);
$path;
}
sub resolve_empty_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
if (defined $path) {
$path;
} else {
'~/perl5';
}
}
sub resolve_home_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
$path =~ /^~([^\/]*)/ or return $path;
my $user = $1;
my $homedir = do {
if (! length($user) && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
$ENV{HOME};
}
else {
require File::Glob;
File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
}
};
unless (defined $homedir) {
require Carp; require Carp::Heavy;
Carp::croak(
"Couldn't resolve homedir for "
.(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
);
}
$path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
$path;
}
sub resolve_relative_path {
my ($class, $path) = @_;
_rel2abs($path);
}
sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
my ($class, $path, $opts) = @_;
$opts ||= {};
my @dirs;
foreach my $dir (
$class->lib_paths_for($path),
$class->install_base_bin_path($path),
) {
my $d = $dir;
while (!-d $d) {
push @dirs, $d;
require File::Basename;
$d = File::Basename::dirname($d);
}
}
warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n"
if !$opts->{quiet} && @dirs;
my %seen;
foreach my $dir (reverse @dirs) {
next
if $seen{$dir}++;
mkdir $dir
or -d $dir
or die "Unable to create $dir: $!"
}
return;
}
sub guess_shelltype {
my $shellbin
= defined $ENV{SHELL} && length $ENV{SHELL}
? ($ENV{SHELL} =~ /([\w.]+)$/)[-1]
: ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
? 'bash'
: ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
? ($ENV{COMSPEC} =~ /([\w.]+)$/)[-1]
: ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
? 'powershell.exe'
: 'sh';
for ($shellbin) {
return
/csh$/ ? 'csh'
: /fish$/ ? 'fish'
: /command(?:\.com)?$/i ? 'cmd'
: /cmd(?:\.exe)?$/i ? 'cmd'
: /4nt(?:\.exe)?$/i ? 'cmd'
: /powershell(?:\.exe)?$/i ? 'powershell'
: 'bourne';
}
}
1;
__END__
=encoding utf8
=head1 NAME
local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
=head1 SYNOPSIS
In code -
use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
# Or...
use FindBin;
use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
From the shell -
# Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
# Just print out useful shell commands
$ perl -Mlocal::lib
PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'; export PERL_MB_OPT;
PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'; export PERL_MM_OPT;
PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"; export PERL5LIB;
PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"; export PATH;
PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT="/home/usename/perl5:$PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT"; export PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT;
From a F<.bash_profile> or F<.bashrc> file -
eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)"
=head2 The bootstrapping technique
A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
"bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
local::lib in your home directory.
Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
Windows users must also see L.
=over 4
=item 1.
Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
convenient location.
=item 2.
Run this:
perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
as possible, you would typically answer yes.
In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
=item 3.
Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
make test && make install
=item 4.
Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
way:
echo 'eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)"' >>~/.bashrc
If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
/bin/csh
echo $SHELL
/bin/csh
echo 'eval `perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`' >> ~/.cshrc
If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
way:
echo 'eval "$(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)"' >>~/.bashrc
After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C.
=back
If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
cd ~/mydir1
perl -Mlocal::lib=./
eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
cd ../mydir2
... REPEAT ...
If you use F<.bashrc> to activate a local::lib automatically, the local::lib
will be re-enabled in any sub-shells used, overriding adjustments you may have
made in the parent shell. To avoid this, you can initialize the local::lib in
F<.bash_profile> rather than F<.bashrc>, or protect the local::lib invocation
with a C<$SHLVL> check:
[ $SHLVL -eq 1 ] && eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)"
If you are working with several C environments, you may want to
remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
various search paths. Whichever environment was B will
remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
You can also ask C to clean itself completely out of the current
shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
~/mydir1/lib >>.
In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
use strict;
use warnings;
use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
=head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
C, you can use this:
C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
### To set the environment for this shell alone
C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add them to the
Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L.
The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
(Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
and the subdirectories are created.
=head3 PowerShell
local::lib also supports PowerShell, and can be used with the
C cmdlet.
Invoke-Expression "$(perl -Mlocal::lib)"
=head1 RATIONALE
The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
around to packaging up the version you need.
local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
packages takes precedence over the system installation.
If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
installed by Debian.
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C
environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
configuration file.
More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
values:
=over 4
=item PERL_MB_OPT
=item PERL_MM_OPT
=item PERL5LIB
=item PATH
=item PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT
=back
When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
=head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
See L for one way to do this - but note that
there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
=head1 IMPORT OPTIONS
Options are values that can be passed to the C import besides the
directory to use. They are specified as C